Comedy and Plautus Essay Example

Parody and Plautus Paper Aulularia is a comedic play composed by Titus Maccius Plautus during when Athens was one of, if not the most impressive city-states in the entirety of Europe. For this extraordinary society, history specialists utilize artistic attempts to explore and comprehend what the period resembled. Aulularia is extraordinary play that can assist students of history with examining how slaves were, through Plautus’ humor you can get how marriage and ace creation is done and seen in Ancient Athens. Titus Maccius Plautus, conceived at some point around 254 B. C. E. , (passed on in 185 B. C. E. in the town of Umbria was not generally known as the well known comedic play-essayist, however rather as the meandering mill operator. Notwithstanding, in his initial age he is thought to have fled his old neighborhood and made it as a craftsman/technician on the Roman stages (Plautus, Titus M, Aulularia). Plautus was in the incomparable Roman armed force; there he was presented to the Greek New Comed y and the plays of Menander (Plautus, Wikipedia). It wasn’t until around the age of 45 where he started composing plays while working his hand-factory, granulating corn for the families (Plautus, Wikipedia). Plautus’ work was essentially Latin adjustments of this sort of parody. The individuals of Rome discovered regular day to day existence engaging (Titus Maccius Plautus, Theater Database). While composing these plays he needed to remember that a large portion of the crowd was very un-instructed. Nonetheless, one thing that all Romans shared for all intents and purpose was home and family life. Jokes were made about family life and generalized characters. While governmental issues didn’t make there path into these plays, the divine beings did. It was to some degree questionable in the manner his characters depicted the divine beings. Characters in stories can quite often be contrasted with a divine being, which left him blamed for showing the open aloofness and joke towards the divine beings. It was fascinating how high society residents put down the divine beings and troopers disparaged them. At the same time pimps, mistresses, and parasites commended the divine beings. Plays were never the main amusement happening at a given time, which constrained Plautus to vie for people’s consideration against chariot races, horse races, and bouts (Plautus, Wikipedia). He would go to incredible measures to engage his crowds and request their consideration. We will compose a custom article test on Comedy and Plautus explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Comedy and Plautus explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Comedy and Plautus explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer New Greek Comedy had a lot of slaves in their works ordinarily being very smart while playing the enemy. Nonetheless, Plautus utilized the slaves in his work somewhat better in which they had a lot bigger and dynamic jobs. Slaves were moved a lot further into the front of the activity as a principle character. This was Plautus’ best strategy in making humor since individuals thought that it was entertaining that slaves deceived their lords or contrasted themselves with divine beings. The reversal of jobs by a mischievous and clever slave was diverting and it wasn’t hard to make a plot from that point (Plautus, Titus Maccius, Theater Database). Aulularia is a comedic play that happens in present Athens (according to Plautus. ) Euclio (primary character) is a poor, more seasoned man of honor that lives in Athens. Euclio’s Household God favored him by causing Euclio to find the fortune in his home. Be that as it may, soon you understand this is not really a gift since he fixates on it, keeping it protected and practically excludes himself from the remainder of the network (Konstan). Megadorus a well off, more seasoned man of honor concludes that he might want to wed Phaedria, Euclio’s girl. From the outset Euclio is doubtful of Megadorus in light of the fact that there is no explanation a more established rich man of Athens such as himself, would need to wed a poor keeps an eye on girl. The distrustful Euclio firmly accepts that Megadorus is aware of his gold. In a manner he overlooks this when Megadorus lets him know there is no requirement for an endowment to oblige the wedding that would happen that equivalent day. Energized by this Euclio acknowledges the offer yet no longer trusts that his home will be alright for his gold. He moves the gold to the sanctuary of Fides. Strobilus (Lyconides’ slave) catches Euclio talking and starts searching for the gold. When Euclio returns he beats the slave and compromises him. Euclio has no trust in Fides and chooses to move it totally out of the city to a forest of Silvanus. Strobilus is at the same time far out yet watches out for Euclio and when all was good and well he proceeded to take the gold. Euclio returns and nothing is there and is totally squashed. Soon after this Lyconides approaches him and educates him that the commitment of Megadorus and Phaedria. From here Lyconides clarifies that he has wronged his girl at Ceres’ celebration and asks her deliver marriage. Lyconides then runs over Strobilus who comes out and tells his lord that he has discovered gold. The remainder of the content has been lost yet it is said that Lyconides restores the taken gold to Euclio, who at that point gives Lyconides authorization to wed his girl. As a wedding present Euclio gives the gold to Phaedria and Lyconides (Plautus). The sole motivation behind why Plautus made this play was for amusement and he bombed in his organizations. He turned into a play author at 45 and carried another flood of amusement to Rome. â€Å"At all costs, he kept the pot of activity heating up, the flood of stiflers and quips and modest droll streaming. Anything to make the crowd chuckle and shield them from looking in on the bout next-door† (Titus Maccius Plautus, Imagi-country. com). In Aulularia you can see that he doesn’t especially appreciate the high society. Megadorus is an a lot more seasoned man however needs to ask Euclio’s youthful girl Phaedria’s turn in marriage. This is out of desire with no respect to the social clash. Megadorus appears to be so edgy for the youthful â€Å"flesh† that he is breaking the old convention of a settlement. Additionally in Aulularia, he displays captives to be a lot more astute than any Roman man in this play. Euclio is the poor casualty who just needs his gold to be sheltered however can't locate a legitimate concealing spot without having a serene psyche. Regardless of the watchers discovering this exceptionally silly, this has something to do with the way that Plautus was not generally rich and it required some investment before he was living easily (Plautus). Aulularia says an incredible arrangement regarding the timespan in Athens. Euclio was a metic in Athens, he a has perpetual residency in the States however isn't viewed as a resident (Kempf). Euclio was extremely poor and truly had nothing of significant worth aside from his gold. He carried on a very un-simple lifestyle since he was jumpy that his gold would be taken from him. He lived in steady battle and extraordinary destitution. Pythodicus says from the play, â€Å"Why, I disclose to you he starts bellowing to paradise and earth to observe that hes bankrupt, gone to everlasting crush, the second a puff of smoke from his down and out fire figures out how to escape his home. Why, when he heads to sleep he strings a pack over his jaws. † Pythodicus is being somewhat sensational, however in any case, Euclio needs to simply trust that he lives to see one more day since it is a steady battle to put food on the table. Aulularia was a bit of writing that can truly say something regarding subjection during these occasions. Athenians felt that they were better than slaves in each part of life, yet it demonstrated that they could be mischievous and clever. Each slave included in this play (Staphyla, Pythoidcus, Strobilus) appears to have somewhere in the range of a nice measure of knowledge. Euclio’s old slave Staphyla, reacted to him when advised to watch the house by saying, â€Å"You aren’t apprehensive anybody will leave with the house right? I pledge we’ve got nothing else there for the criminals to takeâ€a loaded with void all things considered, and spider webs. This was astonishing originating from somebody who was undermined only minutes prior (Plautus). Megadorus slave Pythodicus. As noted before he is clarifying how poor Euclio is and kids about it with the cooks for the wedding. He is additionally the individual who is neglecting the cooks and ensuring everything go es as arranged. This could employment must be given to somebody trusted and mindful enough to do the main job (Plautus). Strobilus outmaneuvers Euclio and realizes that he has a pot of gold that he is covering up. At the point when he sees Euclio leaves the sanctuary of Fides he sees him leave the city dividers and climbs a tree well far out. He holds up until after Euclio has left and uncovers the pot of gold for himself. Strobilus even surrenders his post for his lord Lyconides to bring this gold with the high any expectations of purchasing his opportunity (Plautus). The manner in which marriage is done in Athens during this time was very different than the way that Megadorus goes about it. The Athenian marriage was an understanding between the bride’s father and the lucky man and at times the father’s sibling (Kempf). This was the situation in Aulularia. Anyway the lady should surrender every last bit of her toys, and her hair is to be trimmed. On the night prior to the wedding the lady of the hour and husband to be scrub down and sang songs to Hymen. The dad was to make penances to Hera, Zeus, Artemis, Aphrodite, and Peitho (The Women of Athens). None of these ceremonies were even referenced in the play by Plautus. In the play the marriage was occurring inside just a couple of long periods of understanding among Euclio and Megadorus. This piece of the play was not a decent method to examine the manner in which marriage was taken care of in Athens during this timeframe. Anyway the closure (or what survives from the consummation) gives a greatly improved thought of how the procedure is finished. Lyconides another poor man, inquires as to whether he can wed his girl. It was a lot of m

Multiple topics outlined Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Different subjects plot - Essay Example Creator concentrated on the connection with ordinary things. He changed his point if see. He has become more phenomenological than an experientialist, and this change is very fundamental. It is seen that from last numerous years, there are no demonstrated ideas accessible, which are identified with the study of experience based rationale. He was expecting an amazement from his positivist associates. His ideas are transformed from the conventional methodology of hard science. The methodology of hard science depends on exploratory outcomes and it should be a goal, positivist, thorough and legitimate methodology. Another methodology of ease of use plan or experience structure needs a psychological mentality and it is ordinarily known as emotional, post-positivist and experientialist approach. The creator concentrated on the division of goal and emotional methodologies. The book is fundamentally about the passionate structures. This is the fourth book by Norman on the theme about ordinar y things. The other three books are not identified with the subject of this book, however all these are just used to comprehend the sentiments of the writer. The book contains the section on â€Å"Personal Reflections†; this is known as the boost of book. Cognizance is rutted idea with identified with feelings. The sign of two in the usefulness or conduct portrays the great item that implies the great plan of the item with including the adequacy of the item too. As per the past ideas of Norman’s center was around convenience and the conduct appearance, and his new changed ideas introduced in this book are identified with the viability of the item as opposed to the plan. The short depiction around three primary qualities of the compelling, social and subjective segments are introduced here in the paper. Three unique angles identified with the plan of the item are appeared here. The three parts of items configuration are named as instinctive structure, conduct plan and t he subjective or intelligent plan. The instinctive structure is about the external most appearance of the item. This might be in the sort of sight, sound, smell or feel and so forth. The prompt and powerful reaction, feelings about the structured item is the center of this part of plan. The social perspective is about the delight and viability of utilization. The reaction from instinctive perspective is significant for conduct viewpoint. The terrible or geed reaction mirrors the exhibition of the item. The primary motivation behind this part of configuration is capacities, execution and ease of use of the planned item. In the third part of intellectual plan the legitimization of decision is thought of. The comprehension of the item is the primary piece of this perspective. For the plan strategy of any sort of item or thing, these three perspectives must be followed. Without following these ideas, creation of items is about impractical. As per Norma’s hypothesis, feelings are changed in the manner in which we think, implies that our feelings are reliant on the reasoning. He composed that feelings are significant for things utilized in our regular daily existence. So the abstract angle is more requested for regular things as contrasted and target approach. The creator delineated his idea about target and emotional methodologies through many related models. The advancements are for the most part legitimate based because of requirement for business perspective fairly considered as the feeling. Creator accepts that headway in the

Dorm Areas Allen Hall

Dorm Areas Allen Hall I live in apartments now, but I spent my first three years at Florida Avenue Residence Halls, and they were  some of the best years of my life. As a new Illini, you might be wondering where to live. The easiest way to find out where you belong is to  visit campus  on the weekend and see what each residence hall  is like on a Friday night or Saturday afternoon. The reason I say that is youll generally see what the vibe is like at its truest form when its the weekend and people have the free time to do what they want. As a result, youll get to see what each area likes to do. Heres my experience with what each residence hall  is like. A lot is based on experience, some is what Ive heard from others, and some might be generalizations. Its important to remember the school is large enough that youll fit in wherever you live. Having said that, heres the rundown of a blog series, starting with: Allen Hall Overview: Allen Hall is typically known as the most diverse dorm. Whether youre a racial minority, LGBT, an artsy type, or whatever your background may be, Allen will welcome you with open arms. Cautions:  People say the food isnt the best here, and the building can feel a little cramped and old. Perks:  Its right next to Campus Recreation Center East (CRCE), so even in the worst weather, making it to the gym (free weights, basketball/volleyball courts, racquetball rooms, aquatic center, etc.) is no problem. Allen Hall also houses the Living-Learning Community Unit One, through which you can apply for courses that youll take within Allen Hall itself. Its great for taking subjects of interest like piano, film, gender studies, and more! Its also just a block away from a string of restaurants that include gumbo, Thai food, and a Korean-style cafe. Running track at CRCE with aquatics center to bottom left. (Source: Campus Rec) Caffé Bene, a café chain from Seoul, Korea that sells coffee, gelato, tea, and waffles. (Source: Real Estate Weekly) James Class of 2016 I’m an Advertising major also pursuing a minor in Anthropology. I’m heavily involved with the American Advertising Federation on campus. I'm from Naperville, Illinois.

The Civil Rights Movement and African American Leaders

African Americans were fighting for freedom for centuries. They were treated very badly and they had supposedly going to have a better way of life after WWII. Keep reading to find out how African Americans struggled for equality in voting and the opportunity for a good quality education. First, African American leaders argued that everyone should be treated equally. They wanted black African American men to be able to vote just like the white American men did. The whites refused to allow the blacks to vote. They threatened and beat the blacks, the â€Å"Jim Crow† laws blocked them from doing anything and everything For example, bathrooms, trains, and in busses they were forced to sit in the back. African American activists held nonviolent protests to bring change. Some of the more popular activist leaders were Martin Luther King, Malcolm X, and Rosa Parks. Unlike Martin Luther King and Rosa Parks, Malcolm X held violent protests. One of the more popular marches that took place during the voting rights act was the Selma to Montgomery. There were about 550 people marching. The march bought a lot of public support for the Civil Rights Movement. African Americans were given outrageous literacy tests. For example, the literacy test we were given in class was from t he State of Louisiana. It stated that the test is to be given to anyone who cannot prove a fifth grade education. The test was given to every African American, even if they didn’t speak any english. This was just oneShow MoreRelatedCivil Rights Movement and Black Nationalism Essay1210 Words   |  5 Pagesand Violent Acts of the Civil Rights Movement and Black Nationalism The rights of African-Americans have been violated since they were brought over to America as slaves in the late 1600s to the land of the free. Great political gains for African-Americans were made in the 1960s such as the right to vote without paying. Still, many African Americans were dissatisfied with their economic situation, so they reacted with violence in the form of riots. Other African-Americans became frustrated withRead MoreMartin Luther King And The Civil Rights Movement979 Words   |  4 Pagespoliticians alike, challenge his contributions to the Civil Rights Movement and the legitimacy of his leadership. While King is traditionally presented as a leader of the movement, Ella Baker, an African American Civil Rights activists, questions this convention and claims â€Å"the [Civil Rights] movement made Martin.† Furthermore, often portrayed as the decisive factor of social change, King’s leadership and significance in the Civil Rights Movement is largely o veremphasized and his exaggerated historicalRead MoreLeadership Styles And Activism Of African American Women1026 Words   |  5 PagesWhen asked to identify important leaders of the civil rights movement, the name that most often comes to one’s mind is Martin Luther King Jr. Others may mention James Forman, Ralph Abernathy, Fred Shuttlesworth, James Farmer, Andrew Young, or Bayard Rustin. Notably missing are the names of women leaders. Rarely would Ella Baker, Septima Clark, Gloria Richardson, Daisy Bates, or Fannie Lou Hamer be identified. The absence of the women leaders of the civil rights movement from history is not because thereRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Of The 1950s And 1960s1183 Words   |  5 Pagesof the Civil Rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s on the lives of African-Americans in that period. The Civil Rights movement refers to the movement which aimed to remove racial discrimination and segregation and improve the social, political, legal, and econo mic rights of black people in America . Although slavery had been abolished with the end of the Civil War , the â€Å"Jim Crow† laws kept black people and white people segregated from each other and the voting rights of African-Americans were limitedRead MoreWhy did the Civil Rights movement in the United States become fragmented after 1966?756 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿It is safe to say that the main reason as to why the civil rights movement became fragmented after 1966 was the major ideological splits that had developed within the movement to civil rights for African Americans. Examples include; the rise of black power, the adoption of more radical tactics by certain civil rights groups such as the SNCC and CORE, and the ideological splits among those involved within the civil rights movement. The rise of the concept of the Nation of Islam gave birth to theRead MoreThe Importance of the Civil Rights Leaders Essay1391 Words   |  6 Pagesrisk that civil right leaders had to make. Civil right leaders constantly risk their lives and their freedom. Civil right leaders fought for equality and freedom for African Americans. Over 70% of African Americans were experiencing segregation and discrimination during the civil right movement. African Americans only had one another for support, so during this time African Americans appreciated civil right leaders. During the civil rights movement, many leaders helped African Americans cope withRead MoreThe Civil War And Reconstruction1448 Words   |  6 PagesThe largest threat to African Americans with after the Civil War and Reconstruction was the Ku Klux Klan. The KKK was founded in 1866, and extended into almost every southern state by 1870. The organization became a vehicle for white southern citizens to deny Republican Partyâ₠¬â„¢s Reconstruction-era policies whose ideas, that tried establishing political and economic equality for African Americans. The KKK flourished in some regions in the South where, African Americans were a minority of the populationRead MoreMartin Luther King Qualities1327 Words   |  6 Pages　　Intelligent and his incredible actions made Martin Luther King to become a great leader in civil rights movement. Martin Luther King was a social activist and Baptist minister who led the civil rights movement from the mid-1950s to 1960s. According to the website called Martin Luther King Jr.-Biography, Martin Luther king was graduated from high school when he was fifteen. After getting his B. A. Degree from Morehouse, the B. D. from Crozer and then he got his doctor’s degree from Boston UniversityRead MoreCivil Rights Movement Essay797 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement, also known as the American Civil Rights, was a mass movement during the 1950s and 196 0s. It was one of the most intricate social movements of mankind. The Civil Rights Movement was a period where African Americans did not have the same equal rights or treatment as the whites. Instead, African Americans were segregated from whites by not going to school together, having to sit in the back of the bus, not being able to move freely, or not having the right to vote. Over theRead MoreDetermination Of The Civil Rights Movement1325 Words   |  6 PagesTomiko Brown-Nagin Courage to Dissent helps readers understanding of the Civil Rights movement. Brown-Nagin wrote about the issue that was going on during this time when it pertains to politics, housing, public accommodations, and schools. It highlighted major issue that was a problem in America but especially Atlanta, Georgia. Atlanta at this time became a huge stomping ground for African American leaders because of the massive wave of blacks that lived in the city as well as the issue

The Definition and Description of Geological Erosion

Erosion is the name for the processes that both break down rocks (weathering) and carry away the breakdown products (transportation). As a general rule, if rock is just broken down through mechanical or chemical means, then weathering has occurred. If that broken-down material gets moved at all by water, wind or ice, then erosion has occurred.   Erosion is different from  mass wasting, which refers to the downslope movement of rocks, dirt, and regolith primarily through gravity. Examples of mass wasting are  landslides, rockfalls,  slumps,  and soil creep. Erosion, mass wasting, and weathering are classified as separate actions and often discussed individually. In reality, they are overlapping processes that usually act together.   The physical processes of erosion are called corrasion or mechanical erosion, while the chemical processes are called corrosion or chemical erosion. Many examples of erosion include both corrasion and corrosion. Agents of Erosion The agents of erosion are ice, water, waves, and wind. As with any natural process that takes place on the Earths surface, gravity plays a major role as well. Water is perhaps the most important (or at least most visible) agent of erosion. Raindrops strike the surface of the Earth with enough force to break apart soil in a process known as splash erosion. Sheet erosion occurs as water collects on the surface and moves toward small streams and rivulets, removing a widespread, thin layer of soil along the way. Gully and rill erosion occurs as runoff becomes concentrated enough to remove and transport larger amounts of soil. Streams, depending on their size and speed, can erode away banks and bedrock and transport large pieces of sediment.   Glaciers erode through abrasion and plucking. Abrasion occurs as rocks and debris become embedded on the bottom and sides of a glacier. As the glacier moves, the rocks scour and scratch the surface of the Earth. Plucking takes place when meltwater enters cracks in the rock beneath a glacier. The water refreezes and breaks off large pieces of rock, which are then transported by glacial movement. U-shaped valleys  and  moraines  are visible reminders of the awesome erosive (and depositional) power of glaciers.   Waves cause erosion by cutting away at the shore. This process creates remarkable landforms like wave-cut platforms, sea arches,  sea stacks, and chimneys. Due to the constant battering of wave energy, these landforms are usually short-lived.   Wind affects the surface of the Earth through deflation and abrasion. Deflation refers to the removal and transport of fine-grained sediment from the winds turbulent flow. As the sediment is airborne, it may grind and wear away surfaces with which it comes in contact. Like with glacial erosion, this process is known as abrasion.  Wind erosion is most common in flat, arid areas with loose, sandy soils.   Human Impact on Erosion Although erosion is a natural process, human activities like agriculture, construction, deforestation, and grazing can greatly increase its impact. Agriculture is particularly notorious. Areas that are conventionally plowed experience upwards of 10 times more erosion than normal. Soil forms at about the same rate that it  naturally erodes, meaning that humans are currently stripping away the soil at a very unsustainable rate.   Providence Canyon, sometimes referred to as Georgias Little Grand Canyon, is a strong testament to the erosional effects of poor farming practices. The canyon began forming in the early 19th century as rainwater runoff from the fields caused gully erosion. Now, just 200 years later, guests can see 74 million years of beautifully layered sedimentary rock in the 150-foot canyon walls.

Industrial Electronics Bonus Free Essays

Industrial Electronics, Inc. Is an electronic equipment company that has annual sales exceeding $ 8 Billion. The company is set up by product line and operates as 16 divisions, reporting to four business managers. We will write a custom essay sample on Industrial Electronics Bonus or any similar topic only for you Order Now Unfortunately, due to the recession and the competitiveness of the emerging and developing industry, the bonus pool for the employees has decreased causing Issues with employee morale, and can overall affect the profitability of the organization If the company analyzed the ROI of turnover and training. Therefore, the company reviewed the current bonus structure and proposed a new bonus structure for the Division Managers, as they currently felt their contributions to their departments was not being rewarded. The current bonus system focus on the overall goals of the company. Although it is essential to set and communicate company goals, having this one structure as the only measurement for bonus can be detrimental. If one or a few departments contribute to the company not achieving their goals, this means that all employees and departments are not being recognized for their contributions. The current goal is a 10% bonus pool of the company’s profitability after taxes in excess of 12 of the company’s book net worth allocated for the bonus pool. The proposed bonus structure Is set up to drive the performance more directly related to the division, but not does not focus on any overall company goals. In order to stay in business the overall goals and financial metrics need to be a part of the bonus system. The targets for this new structure are set and negotiated during the budgeting process. If the division managers are going to be held to achieve and/or et these standards their input should be taken into consideration during the budgeting process if they are not directing Involved or responsible for the budgets. This will allow the organization to have the buy In and accountability from the Division Managers and their employees throughout the year in achieving these targets. This will also allow for employees to be more responsible for controllable cost and waste. The proposed bonus system percentage awards of the Division Managers Base Salary would be: Dillon A : 63. 5% 150% (this is the maximum amount payable) DiViSion B. Division C: 63. 7% Division D: 68 Division E. 26. 2% An optimal bonus plan for Industrial Electronics, would be one that comprises both and success overall in order to pay out bonus and provide employment, but they can drive this overall company success also through operational excellence, key metrics and standards at the divisional level. Therefore, the bonus plan should include company objective and division objective. The divisional objectives should be directly related that divisions related business relevance to the organization, with set key performance indicators which can include sales, output, controllable costs as labor, reduce costs, waste, turnover, etc. The bonus plan also should not be structured as an all aqua r nothing. For example, maybe it the division does not achieve it sales goals but maintain the controllable expense in accordance with the achieved sales, they receive a partial bonus. If the division does not hit its target but the company does the employees still received a portion of the bonus, as they are part of the organizational teams overall success. Their individual performance behaviors or lack thereof, should be addressed during their buy seines reviews and/or salary review and increases. How to cite Industrial Electronics Bonus, Papers

Industrial Electronics Bonus Free Essays

Industrial Electronics, Inc. Is an electronic equipment company that has annual sales exceeding $ 8 Billion. The company is set up by product line and operates as 16 divisions, reporting to four business managers. We will write a custom essay sample on Industrial Electronics Bonus or any similar topic only for you Order Now Unfortunately, due to the recession and the competitiveness of the emerging and developing industry, the bonus pool for the employees has decreased causing Issues with employee morale, and can overall affect the profitability of the organization If the company analyzed the ROI of turnover and training. Therefore, the company reviewed the current bonus structure and proposed a new bonus structure for the Division Managers, as they currently felt their contributions to their departments was not being rewarded. The current bonus system focus on the overall goals of the company. Although it is essential to set and communicate company goals, having this one structure as the only measurement for bonus can be detrimental. If one or a few departments contribute to the company not achieving their goals, this means that all employees and departments are not being recognized for their contributions. The current goal is a 10% bonus pool of the company’s profitability after taxes in excess of 12 of the company’s book net worth allocated for the bonus pool. The proposed bonus structure Is set up to drive the performance more directly related to the division, but not does not focus on any overall company goals. In order to stay in business the overall goals and financial metrics need to be a part of the bonus system. The targets for this new structure are set and negotiated during the budgeting process. If the division managers are going to be held to achieve and/or et these standards their input should be taken into consideration during the budgeting process if they are not directing Involved or responsible for the budgets. This will allow the organization to have the buy In and accountability from the Division Managers and their employees throughout the year in achieving these targets. This will also allow for employees to be more responsible for controllable cost and waste. The proposed bonus system percentage awards of the Division Managers Base Salary would be: Dillon A : 63. 5% 150% (this is the maximum amount payable) DiViSion B. Division C: 63. 7% Division D: 68 Division E. 26. 2% An optimal bonus plan for Industrial Electronics, would be one that comprises both and success overall in order to pay out bonus and provide employment, but they can drive this overall company success also through operational excellence, key metrics and standards at the divisional level. Therefore, the bonus plan should include company objective and division objective. The divisional objectives should be directly related that divisions related business relevance to the organization, with set key performance indicators which can include sales, output, controllable costs as labor, reduce costs, waste, turnover, etc. The bonus plan also should not be structured as an all aqua r nothing. For example, maybe it the division does not achieve it sales goals but maintain the controllable expense in accordance with the achieved sales, they receive a partial bonus. If the division does not hit its target but the company does the employees still received a portion of the bonus, as they are part of the organizational teams overall success. Their individual performance behaviors or lack thereof, should be addressed during their buy seines reviews and/or salary review and increases. How to cite Industrial Electronics Bonus, Papers

Thom Gunn Research Paper Essay Example

Thom Gunn Research Paper Essay Introduction Thom Gunn is one of the most outstanding English poets living in the 20th century whose creative work was quite original and unique. He obviously was among the most significant poets of his time, but he did not strive for world acclaim, popularity and recognition, instead he rather attempted to convey to the wide audience his basic ideas concerning life, human society, and its problems. In such a situation, it is very important to trace his development as a poet and realize what his particular artistic features were. Apparently, it is also necessary to discuss the main themes he discussed in his poems because it will help better understand his original views on the contemporary world and modernity. Apparently, it is also necessary to discuss the main themes he discussed in his poems because it will help better understand his original views on the contemporary world and modernity. It is an undeniable fact that it is basically due to his original views on some traditional themes that made him so popular. And he remains popular nowadays, and his fascination with the anti-social, the rebellious, the unnatural, and, above all, with violence, still attracts many people, including not only ordinary readers but also connoisseurs and literary critics. This is why it is extremely important to analyze what his views are and why his fascination with the things that are traditionally severely criticised are so interesting for readers. Obviously, the answering of this questions will need the profound understanding of the origin of Thom Gunn’s views, his style and the discussion of the main themes of his most popular poems. Thom Gunn’s life and its impact on his creative work We will write a custom essay sample on Thom Gunn Research Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Thom Gunn Research Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Thom Gunn Research Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Naturally, it is impossible to understand the literary work of any poet, or writer without at least a brief discussion of his life. The main reason is that the work of any poet is very creative and can be easily affected by different factors, which are not directly linked to his work. In such a situation the poet’s personal life may be very important for understanding his motives and the main themes that disturbed his mind. This is particularly true for Thom Gunn, who lived at the epoch of great changes, when traditional values, moral norms, and regulations gave in facing a new changing reality. His life, especially early years and his youth, produced a significant impact on his literary career because the main events that took place in the middle and later in 1960-1970s had changed the world. Naturally, the epoch when Thom Gunn matured as a poet produced a significant impact on his creative work. Nonetheless, his personal life was also of paramount importance for his poetry. Notably, it should be pointed out that, being born in the UK, the poet lived a great part of his life in the US that naturally influenced his literary work. As Stephen Burt points out â€Å"Thom Gunn declared in 1978 that his life insists on continuities – between America and England, between free verse and meter, between vision and everyday consciousness† (1999, p.384). In such a way, the poet himself that his intercontinental life, the life in between characterizes his poetry at large. Furthermore, it should also be said that some details of his personal life are also quite noteworthy in the analysis of his literary work because some of the themes, which are central in his poems, are the result of his personal experience. In this respect it worth to mention that Thom Gunn was a ‘child’ of his epoch. Notably, Forester remarks that the poet used drugs, and reminds about the poet’s recognition of attraction to men. By the way, Woodcock also refers to Thom Gunn’s homosexual experience that played an important role in his literary work. In such a way, the influence of the personal life of the poet on his literary work is obvious and undeniable. This is why it is possible to say that the problems he raises in his works and themes he widely discusses are closely related to his personal experience. To put it more precisely, it should be said that in many aspects, for instance, the use of the drug, the life of Thom Gunn was characterized as anti-social and even rebellious and unnatural, for example, if one refers to his homosexual experience and poems related to this theme. Furthermore, the theme of violence seems to be also not occasional because it may also be the result of his personal experience. For instance, it is hardly possible to argue that often drug use is closely related to violence. Furthermore, the theme of violence seems to be also not occasional because it may also be the result of his personal experience. For instance, it is hardly possible to argue that often drug use is closely related to violence. Thus, it is possible to estimate that Thom Gunn literary work is a logical continuation or reflection of his personal life. Thus, it is possible to estimate that Thom Gunn literary work is a logical continuation or reflection of his personal life. Thom Gunn’s style Naturally, the development of Thom Gunn as a poet coincided with the development of his particular style, which many specialists consider to be quite interesting and noteworthy for the research. In fact, the poet’s style contributes to his expressiveness, and often it helps better understand what the poet intends to say in his poems. Speaking about his style it worth to note that Thom Gunn was a poet belonging to the Movement though Stephen Burt considers the latter fact practically accidental. In this respect, it is hardly possible to agree with the critic because the poet’s style from the beginning of his literary career revealed that Thom Gunn is rather close to the ideology and philosophy of the Movement. The latter is formed by poets, which were unmodernist and tended to use plainspoken English. In such a situation, the extremely formal style of Thom Gunn, especially in his early works seem to be quite appropriate especially compared to the sophisticated and advanced style of modernists. Nonetheless, such a style has not prevented the poet from his fascination with the anti-social, the rebellious, the unnatural and, especially, with violence. Moreover, Thom Gunn often used classic verse forms, in which he successfully explored and criticised the anxieties of the society as for what was considered to be socially unacceptable, such as violence, use of drugs, homosexuality, and others. In fact, he is very skeptical about these modern anxieties, and it even seems that he is mocking them: It is despair that nothing cannot beFlares in the mind and leaves a smoky markOf dread.Look upward. Neither firm nor freePurposeless matter hovers in the dark.(The Annihilation of Nothing) As a rule, the poet’s works are characterized by his discipline of writing to a specific set of visual images and the liberation of free verse. Not surprisingly that, according to Stephen Burt, many considered Thom Gunn to be a strict craftsman who amply used quatrains, sonnets and heroic couplets significantly influenced by Ben Johnson and Thomas Hardy. This is why it is possible to say that the poet’s style incorporated traditional, formal approach and his particular, individual characteristics. However, some specialists severely criticise such devotedness of Thom Gunn to traditional style. For instance, David Caplan is very skeptical about Thom Gunn’s use of heroic couplets. Notably, he states that â€Å"mastery of heroic couplets gives the lie to contemporary scorn for highly formal genres† (1999:221). Obviously, it is a direct hint at Thom Gunn’s highly formal style, but this skepticism seems to be not supported by the persuasive evidence because, about the poet’s works, it is hardly possible to say that his formal style makes his poems any worse. On the contrary, Thom Gunn uses the highly precise style to discuss themes which are traditionally considered to be a kind of ‘taboo’, or at least they often were left aside, especially by the poets preferring the formal style of writing. For instance, his poems, even being written in the formal style, which is considered by many as highly conservative, tend to underline the author’s fascination with the anti-social, violence and other themes. For instance, Paul Dean underlines the poet’s successful use of extreme formality combined with abstraction in the poem â€Å"On the Move†. Moreover, the critic underlines that many of Thom Gunn’s poems are â€Å"ironically in strict meter because he wrote them under the influence of drugs that gave him the courage to use associative imagery, to be more formally experimental, and move from meter to syllabics to free verse with new confidence† (2004:78). Consequently, it should be said that Paul Dean’s opinion only supports the idea mentioned above concerning the influence of the poet’s personal experience on his creative work. At the same time, it should be said that the way the author wrote his poems only underlines the extent to which they were anti-social and rebellious because so was the process of their creation. In other words, it is obviously socially unacceptable to use drugs, while Thom Gunn wrote some of his poems in an intoxicating state. Naturally, it affected dramatically the thematic contents of his works, which seemed to absorb the author’s fascination with the anti-social. However, Paul Dean also underlines that â€Å"Gunn never understood why he was seen as a celebrant of violence and remained grateful to Ted Hughes for insisting that Thom Gunn’s is the poetry of tenderness† (2004:79). Obviously, this fact emphasize the poet’s attempts to remain socially acceptable and, in such a situation, his works characterized by the author’s admiration with violence, the anti-social and the rebellious, probably indicate at the unconscious trends of Thom Gunn’s preferences. At the same time, it is also possible to explain such a paradoxical contradiction by way of writing of the poems, especially when the poet took drugs. Nonetheless, to better understand the poet’s style, it is necessary to discuss some of his poems regarding example briefly. In this respect, the research of Paul Dean seems to be very noteworthy because Thom Gunn’s particular style made his poems particularly exciting and consequently successful. For instance, on analyzing the poem â€Å"From the Wave† the critic states that â€Å"rhythmically, the poem â€Å"From the Wave† is more subtle than the somewhat over-emphatic pentameter of â€Å"one wakes/ Afloat on the movement that divides and breaks† (Dean 2004:79). Furthermore, Paul Dean pays a particular attention to Thom Gunn’s use of syntax. For instance, referring to the same poem â€Å"From the Wave† he underlines that â€Å"the syntax here mimics the swell and dispersal of the water, and the alternating eight and four-syllable lines allow great variety† (Dean 2004:80). In such a way, it is necessary to point out that the sy ntax also played an extremely important role in the poet’s works. This fact is particularly noteworthy because the syntax can be used to emphasize certain ideas, emotions or feelings that overwhelm the poet. At the same time, it is also noteworthy that Thom Gunn uses the highly formal style in a quite ironic form, as it has been mentioned above. Consequently, it is possible to characterize Thom Gunn’s style as controversial that may be a result of the anti-social and rebellious character of his poems because it is very difficult to resist to the traditional social stereotypes, what the poet actually did. Not surprisingly that he took drugs for the encouragement of his writing abilities. In this respect, it is quite noteworthy to refer to critical works of Clive Wilmer who argues that â€Å"Gunn is quite consciously a writer of contrast, who has drawn on a wide range of influences and modes. But his work none the less impresses the careful reader with its underlying consistency. He made his name, after all, as a master of vigorously traditional verse forms. His approach at root is too impersonal† (1982:11). This is why it is necessary to say that Thom Gunn, in all probability, used the traditional style and impersonality of his poems to be more persuasive that is quite natural in the situation when he fascinated with the themes which were traditionally socially unacceptable. Nonetheless, it is also necessary to point out that â€Å"the most interesting contrast of all, perhaps is connected with his sense of the past. What strikes us most immediately in Gunn’s poems – what made him famous in fact – is their contained energy† (1982:12). In this respect, it is possible to say that Gunn’s ‘sense of the past’ is closely related to his highly formal style and reflects the poet’s intention to reveal his fascination with anti-social, the rebellious, the unnatural and violence in his works in contrast to the past conservatism. In other words, his conservative style is contrasting to his advanced and modernist ideas, which produce a striking effect on a reader and make his views particularly noteworthy. Thus, it is hardly possible to argue with Clive Wilmer when he claims that â€Å"the process of understanding amounts to something more than the business of comprehending the text† Understanding means taking the poems to heart, means ultimately acting on them† (1982:16). Concerning Thom Gunn’s poems, it means that the skillful use of contrast, a particular author’s style make his poems particularly easy to understand and accept, as well as ideas conveyed by the poet to readers. Thom Gunn’s main themes In fact, it has been already said that the main themes Thom Gunn discusses in his works are the anti-social, the rebellious, the unnatural. However, probably the most important theme the poet attempted to depict in his works is the theme of violence. Obviously, such a thematic consistency of his works is the result of his personal experience and was successfully presented with the help of his style. Nonetheless, it is necessary to dwell upon some of his poems to better understand the extent, to which Thom Gunn emphasized his central themes mentioned above. For instance, one of the leading ideas of his works is a theme of violence may be found in many poems, one of which is the poem â€Å"Uncertain Violence†. In fact, the author was often criticised for this poem since, as Dyson points out that Gunn has been accused of lacking poetic personality, notably â€Å"Gunn has not enough of a poetic personality to be parodied, even by himself† (1990:37). At the same time, it should be said that â€Å"Uncertain Violence† seems to be a very symbolic and interesting work. Even the title of the poem reveals a paradoxical contradiction – uncertainty and violence. In fact, it is hardly possible to combine this two notions because violence originally implies self-assurance, or else a desire to increase one’s self-esteem with the help of violence. On the other hand, such uncertainty, emphasized by Thom Gunn, may indicate at his intention to underline the importance of the problem. Probably, he wants to realize the cause of violence, and he rejects the traditional view on violence. He contradicts to stereotypes and argues with the traditional view on violence and, instead, he fascinates with it, especially with its power, unclear origin and difficulty of its solution. In this respect, a particular degree of the impersonality of the poet seems to be used intentionally to emphasize the mysteriousness of the problem of violence. In such interpretation of the poem and theme of violence makes criticism practically irrelevant. This is why it is hardly possible to agree with Dyson who states that â€Å"it is not surprising if Gunn sometimes disappoints the critics who require an ‘identifiable’ voice or ‘personality’ in what they read† (1990:37). Furthermore, Thom Gunn also paid a lot of attention to the problem of the anti-social, rebellious and unnatural. These themes are particularly obvious in his poems concerning the problem of homosexuality and drugs. It should be said that these problems are really important since the poet amply discusses the problem of homosexuality in his poems, for instance, which is obviously quite critically perceived by the wide audience and the society. This is why his poems may be treated as rather provocative that underlines that certain degree of uncertainty and impersonality of his works is probably just another artistic device used to attract the higher attention of readers to the theme of his poems. It should be pointed out that the problem of homosexuality is still relevant today and is still severely criticised by many specialists as well as ordinary readers. This makes the works of Thom Gunn particularly important since they have been written when this theme only has got started to be discussed in public and literature. Probably, the most significant poems written by Thom Gunn, related to the theme of homosexuality, are collected in the book â€Å"The Man with Night Sweats.† Critics, including Bruce Woodcock, emphasized the challenging nature of the book and its contents. For instance, Bruce Woodcock underlines that â€Å"Thom Gunn’s new book ‘The Man with Night Sweats’ has a suitably alarming nakedness to it. The cover shows a statue of the tomb of Rene de Chalons: a human figure with skeletal form emerging through decaying flash holds up an apple and stares at it intently† (1993:60). In fact, it seems as though there is no room for uncertai nty in the poet’s works anymore, on the contrary, the fascination with the anti-social within the book seems to be intentionally emphasized. Furthermore, it should be said that this book challenges another extremely arguable theme that was also socially unaccepted, i.e. the theme of AIDS. It is not a secret that at the beginning this disease was perceived by the society as a problem of a definite category of people, which were treated by society as outcasts. This is why the fact that Thom Gunn paid a lot of attention to this problem underlines that the poet was particularly concerned and interested in it, even though this could make his poem socially unacceptable. In this respect, it is necessary to refer to Bruce Woodcock who, on analyzing â€Å"The Man with Night Sweats†, estimates that â€Å"his book is a bold confrontation with the experience of AIDS in verse which is yet as elegant and powerful as any in his work† (1993:60). At the same time, it is very important to emphasize that this, to a certain extent anti-social, rebellious position of the poet, influenced significantly his style as well as the thematic value of his poems. Notably, Bruce Woodcock points out that â€Å"AIDS has brought Gunn to a simultaneous nakedness of content and form. These poems are not confessional† (1993:60), and this fact indicates that the poet’s works remain impersonal. Instead, he pays particular attention to the social importance of the problem since â€Å"Gunn’s position has been that of observing the impact of the disease on others, his friends, and community. What this has brought out in him is an extension of his poetic craft†¦ In Gunn’s case, the developments demanded have emerged from his work was already taking and tensions, which were previously present† (Woodcock 1993:60). In such a way, this book was another step in his creative work, which only emphasized the author’s particular attention to arguable themes and his fascination with them. Conclusion Thus, taking into account all above mentioned, it is possible to conclude that Thom Gunn, being a talented poet, was courageous enough to raise and discuss problems which were not always acceptable by the society. Moreover, many of his works are rather provocative since they reveal the author’s fascination with the themes of the anti-social, the rebellious, the unnatural and one of the central themes, the theme of violence. The poet has managed to attract the attention of readers remaining impersonal and often using traditional style. As a result, his works are quite persuasive the poet’s position emphasizing their pretending objectivity. This is why it is possible to estimate that Thom Gunn was very lucky in the discussion of themes that he fascinated with.

Is ACT Word of the Day a Good Way to Study Vocab

Is ACT Word of the Day a Good Way to Study Vocab SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you building up your vocabulary to get ready for the ACT? While memorizing obscure words won't get you too far, learning medium-level words in multiple contexts will help you out a great deal on ACT Reading and English. Besides "multiple-meaning" words, you also want to review scientific terms to be prepared for the ACT Science section. This guide tackles the "one word a day" strategy and how you can use it effectively to prepare for the ACT. First, how useful isstudying just one word a day? Is Studying a Word a Day Helpful? As I discussed above, you don't need to memorize obscure, difficult wordsto get ready for the ACT, because those won't be tested anywhere on it. Instead, the ACT tests words of medium difficulty that you're more likely to befamiliar with, but might not realize can have different connotations in different contexts. That's why your daily vocabulary studying should be less about learning new definitions and more about studying how a word can be used in multiple contexts. If you study one word a day, then your knowledge could really build up over time. This means, of course, that you'd have to start early, like several months to a year out from your test. If you only started two weeks before your test, that would only add up to 14 words! Not so helpful. Since many ACT Word of the Day resources might notgive you any or more than one example sentence, studying a word a day is most effective if you can seek out other contexts in which your word of the day is used. On a similar note, you could write your own example sentences to make sure you know how to use the word in different ways. Reading the word in multiple contexts, using it in your own writing, and looking for it in your reading going forward will help you retain the word in your long-term memory. Let's take a closer look at the pros and cons of studying vocabulary by using ACT Word of the Day. Take time to review - don't let goldfish brain happen to you! Pros of ACT Word of the Day Taking just five minutes out of your day to learn a new word (or learn how a familiar word can be used in new ways) can be rewarding for your test prep and your own self-education. It helps with "trickle learning," or learning a small amount everyday until it adds up to a great well of knowledge. It reminds you to stick with the rest of your ACT prep schedule, and it orients you to learning at least one new thing everyday. If you start early, then the number of words you've studied can really add up over time. It's a convenient and low-pressure way to injectsome test prep into each and every day. In this way, it's much less stressful than studying a ton of words all at once right before your test. As I mentioned above, the ACT tests words of moderate difficulty and makes sure you understand them in context. Studying your ACT vocabulary in different contexts will help with vocabulary questions on the English and Reading sections, plus it will improve your overall reading comprehension and writing abilities. Improving your verbal abilities will help you in school, in college, and beyond. Finally, this small commitment to studying a word a day could be like a gift you give yourself. Anytime we set a long term goal and slowly make small steps to get there, we build up our power to stick to our goals, maintain a sense of self-discipline, and put purpose behind ouractions. The benefits of studying an ACT Word of the Day are clear, but what are some potential downsides to this approach? Cons of ACT Word of the Day Studying just one word a day takes a long time to build up. While it might start out by only taking 5 minutes or so out of your day, you might find yourself having to review more and more to keep track of the words you studied months or even a year before. It could become harder to keep up with your ACT Word of the Day if it starts to become a bigger time commitment than you originally anticipated. Another con is that there are not too manyonline resources specifically for ACT Word of the Day. Its counterpart, the SAT Word of the Day, is much better served online with websites, email lists, and even a New York Times blog. Because of the lack of ACT email lists, you probably have to expend more effort to make your own Word of the Day flashcards from vocabulary lists. Besides vocabulary words, the ACT sometimes also tests common idioms, like hush-hush, get an edge on, against the clock, and streak past. You probably won't find these on vocabulary lists, so might have to find these on your own, as well, if you need some review. Most native English speakers will be familiar with these, but if English is your second language then you might want to seek these idioms out, as well. I mentioned that there aren't too many online resources for ACT Word of the Day, but you can make your own from lists of ACT words and definitions. Using this map from The Phantom Tollbooth, you can journey towards Dictionopolis onyour way to the Sea of Knowledge (...or use the websites listed below). Where Can You FindACT Words of the Day? One site that you can visit for ACT Words of the Day is Number2.com. It shows you a word, definition, and one example sentence. It would be a good idea to find other examples of the word in context, as well as writing it in your own sentences. This site does not usually include very obscure words, but unfortunately it does not differentiate between ACT Word of the Day and SAT Word of the Day. Some of the words will be helpful; others, not so much. PrepScholar, on the other hand, has an ACT-specific list of itstop 150 vocabulary words. You could use this list to make flashcards or simply study one word a day. As this list is ACT words and definitions, you again would want to seek out these words in context. Even just googling each word will pull up at least one example sentence from an online dictionary, and you can continue to search for them online and in your reading. In addition to these words you'll need for the Reading and English section, you can also incorporate science vocabulary into your ACT Word of the Day and general prep. While the ACT Science is like the Reading section in a lot of ways, there still is some actual science that you need to know to gain a strong score. Now that you know where to find commonly tested ACT words, how can you study them one day at a time? How to Study ACT Words of the Day Like a DIY project, you can create your own ACT Word of the Day by making flashcards or uploading your own lists to vocabulary-building sites like Quizlet orWordDynamo. These sites let you take timed quizzes and play matching games, which could be a quick review once you've been studying word of the days for a few weeks or months. As I mentioned above, your vocabulary questions on the ACT will generally ask how a word is used in context. Make sure to understand the vocab word in all its meanings and connotations, as well as note the context clues in example sentences that hint at its meaning. If you can be proactive and incorporate it into your own writing, then you'll also be able to reinforce your understanding of the word in its varioususages. Studying a word a day is a quick and easy way to learn words, add some test prep into your daily schedule, and remind yourself to stick to your overall study schedule. Making this part of your routine will help you build your study and time management skills. With studying ACT vocabulary, you should focus on quality of words rather than quantity. The 150 most commonly tested words I mentioned above are the ones you should prioritize, plus the science terms you'll need to grasp. Start early, ramp up review close to your test date, and integrate your studying of vocabulary with your overall prep for comprehending English, Reading, and Science passages. In addition, make sure to customize the way you study ACT words to your personal learning style and goals. How Do You Learn New Words? Like with all aspects of prepping for the ACT, you should reflect on your learning style and design the approach that works best for you. If you feel stressed about the ACT, then starting early with a word a day andan ACT Question of the Day will gradually introduce you to the test and help you diagnose your strengths and weaknesses. If you're more deadline-driven, then these approaches are still useful for gaining some familiarity with the test while leaving more intensive studying for the months leading up to it. Try to pay close attention to ACT words when they pop up in your reading. You know that feeling when you learn something new and suddenly start seeing it everywhere? That can happen with vocabulary words, too, and it can help reinforce your understanding and long-term retention. Enhancing your verbal abilities willbe helpful not juston theACT, but in all aspects of communication in your academic, professional, and personal life. What's Next? To best study for the ACT, you need to know exactly what kind of content is tested on each section. Read about what's actually on the English, Reading, Science, and Math sections of the ACT. Are you wondering when to take the ACT? Learn how to choose your test dates. Aiming for a top ACT score? Read our guide on how to get a perfect 36 ACT score. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

Random Science Facts and Trivia

Random Science Facts and Trivia Everyone knows a few fun random facts they can pull out as a party trick or a conversation icebreaker. Here are a few more to add to your collection. Although some of these facts are strange and obscure, they are 100% verified, so rest assured that youll be sharing solid information at that party. Rotation of Earth Did you know that the Earth rotates a full 360 degrees in 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4 seconds, not 24 hours? Cataracts Sometimes the crystalline lenses of elderly people become milky and cloudy. This is called a cataract, and it causes partial or complete loss of vision. Berry Interesting Did you know that pineapples, oranges, and tomatoes are actually berries? Pure Gold Pure gold is so soft that it can be molded with your bare hands. Real Life Dragons The Komodo dragon is a renowned giant, with the average male measuring around 8 feet long; some exceptional individuals reach 10 feet long. It is the heaviest lizard of all, with an average weight of 130 pounds and some reaching nearly 180 pounds. Thats So Nuclear The word nuclear is related to the nucleus of an atom. It is often used to describe the energy produced when a nucleus is split (fission) or joined with another (fusion). Hes Lost It Did you know that a cockroach can live for nine days without its head  before it starves to death? He Said No Did you know that the physicist Albert Einstein refused the job of president of Israel? Einstein was asked to be the president when the Israeli president died in 1952. Old Guys The earliest cockroach fossil  is about 280 million years old, 80 million years older than the first dinosaurs. Newts Are Neat Newts are members of the salamander family. They are found in North America, Europe, and Asia. A Little Lithium in Your 7UP? The original formula for 7UP contained lithium citrate, a chemical used today as a treatment for bipolar disorders. The ingredient was removed by 1950. How Many Lightbulbs... The tungsten filament inside an incandescent light bulb reaches a temperature of 4,664 degrees when turned on. Blue as Turquoise Traces of copper  are what give turquoise its distinctive blue color. Brainless Starfish, like many radially symmetric animals, do not have brains.

Civil War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Civil War - Essay Example The civil war between the North and the South served as crossroads for the development of the nation in future. In order to understand the American nation as a whole, the civil war has to be studied as it has been claimed that â€Å"what America is today† is due to the civil war of the nineteenth century. The civil war has played a key role in defining the existence and character of the United States of today. Before the civil war, America was viewed as a nation segregated into different states. The civil war transformed America into a comprehensive nation comprising of several states and is named as the United States of America. The most important cause for the civil war in America from 1861 to 1865 was the issue if slavery (Rhodes, 2009). The civil war is seen as the internal war between the states of America. The Northern states were opponents of slavery and never supported the issue as it did not resemble the true spirits of America. The Northern sates formed the Union. Th e Southern states depended on slavery for sustaining the growth of economy. The civil war gained momentum when the slavery was proposed to be spread to the western states. Due to opposite views, the Southern states of America that were slave states declared secession from the Union. The southern states of America wanted themselves free from the shackles of the Union and wanted a separate existence. The Southern states declared a separate confederation of states in America as a symbol of the secession. The Union wanted to keep United States in tact and had the intentions of setting the states free from slavery. As a result of this, a bloody civil war occurred between the northern and the southern states that continued over a period of four years. There was no intervention of foreign power in the civil war of America. The civil war resulted in huge loss of infrastructure and loss of lives of the people of America. More than 600,000 soldiers were killed in the war and the properties an d infrastructure of the southern states were devastated. The confederation of the southern states ultimately collapsed and it was possible to finally get rid of slavery. The process of reconstruction of the nation led to the restoration of national unity. The slaves were freed and individual were granted fundamental rights of freedom. Thus the civil war was the platform for the formation of national unity and integrity of the states of America (Mitchell, 2001). The abolition of slavery and grant of fundamental rights and freedom to the individuals led to the formation of United States of America. Thus, an analysis of the civil war, its causes and consequences are important to understand the identity, existence and character of today’s United States of America. Cause of victory of North despite resistance of South The civil war that started between the Northern and the Southern states of America observed some fierce encounters. There were fierce resistances put up by the South ern state generals in order to save their confederation of states. The Union under the leadership of Abraham Lincoln sent the forces to capture the southern states as they differed from the policies of the Union. The resistance and fight put up by the southern generals like Robert Lee and Stonewall Jackson were brilliant in order to defend their cause and inflicted huge damage on the Northern states. Under the orders of Abraham Lincoln,

Thermal Solar Energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Thermal Solar Energy - Essay Example (n.d). Cost of operation, equipment and maintenance is expensive. This necessitates the need for a source of energy that is renewable, available at low cost and eco-friendly. The best option is renewable energy that is restored by natural process. In regards to the UAE, the most available source of renewables is solar. The solar energy comes from the sun and the nuclear activities in the core of the sun release radiant energy. The solar energy is quickly converted into electrical or thermal energy (Cameron & Craig, 2010). The paper will discuss thermal solar power generation. It will also outline the advantages and disadvantages of thermal solar generation. Moreover, the essay will concentrate on the utilization of this kind of power in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The paper will consider the reason many people prefer this form of energy. Moreover, it will deliberate on the future of thermal solar power in energy growing economy. Solar thermal energy is a technology for exploiting the energy that comes from the solar for thermal heat. It is transferred from the sun rays and converted into electric current that is utilized in many industrial and domestic settings for electricity and heating purposes (Tabak, 2009). The thermal energy from the sun is described as a small, medium, or high form of energy that is gathered by thermal energy technology. The solar power relies on solar cell or photovoltaic devices that transform sun into electricity (Shakespeare, 2014). The concentrated solar power is a solar collector system that utilizes reflective surfaces to gather sunlight onto a tiny zone, where it is absorbed and transformed to electricity (Technology Fundamentals, 2003). Concentrating solar panels are categorized according to the manner in which they collect solar energy by utilizing power tower systems, linear concentrators, and engines/dishes. The systems

Human Development Late Adulthood and End of Life

Human Development Late Adulthood and End of Life Right from conception to the day of death, a humans life is constantly developing and changing. However, most of these changes and developments are solely caused by the diverse stages we go through as human beings. The development stages are purely determined by biological and sociological heritage encountered by human beings. There are various developmental stages in the life of a human being which need to be addressed with great care so as to mitigate the negative effects associated with aging. As we age, there are various advancements that occur in us. For instance, we are able to properly use our bodies, develop relationships, communicate and work as well as experience love. The importance of possessing adequate knowledge on ageism and stereotypes associated with it cannot be overemphasized. This is due to the fact that the unfolding of human development lifespan is the base of our problems in life. There have been widespread views on death of human beings during various points o f development. As such, religious and cultural perspectives have had different views about human development and death. Nevertheless, human life can be likened to journey where one moves from one point to another, facing various challenges and moments of joy distinct from others. Promoting health and wellness in old age Promoting health and wellness during late adulthood can be very helpful in the mitigation against negative impacts of aging. It is considered that late adulthood starts at the age of 65 years. According to experts, this stage of life can be made a lively one if individuals obtain satisfaction and meaning in life rather than disillusionment and bitterness (Miller, 2008). Similarly, people within this age bracket are advised to develop a resolution between integrity versus despair which is always in conflicts throughout ones life. Statistics has shown that about 20% of the American population is composed of people aged 65 years and above. Moreover, further studies have demonstrated that with the improved modern medical technology, there is likelihood that longer lives can be attained artificially. Furthermore, it has been proved that longevity of life is not always associated with physical and mental deterioration. Psychologists have developed various ways through which individuals can eliminate the negative consequences of aging. For example, there are two theories that have been associated with successful aging: activity theory and disengagement theory. The former relates to the fact that as people age, their involvement in the normal societal activities is advisable due to the relief from difficult responsibilities. Consequently, opportunities are opened up for the younger people leading to better benefits to the society (Miller, 2008). The latter theory contradicts the former. It emphasizes that for better adjustment to aging, earlier activities of life should be maintained. Moreover, the proponents of the theory argue that being active ensures maintenance of the normal quality of life. In addition, maintenance of activity of a complete whole: physical, mental and social, prevents negative impacts of aging. Ageism and old age stereotypes Ageism is discrimination based on age. This form of discrimination is apparent in all ages but mostly applies towards the older people. Due to this kind of prejudice, older people are compelled to retire even though they still feel fit to continue working. Ageism is associated with various stereotypes about older people. There is no particular truth associated with stereotypes and ageism. For instance, when a person makes a remark such as, He drives like a little old lady, they are making a stereotype that may not have reasonable truth. While it may be true for an elderly lady to do most of her things slowly, there are others that do not have issues with speed. In fact, they may be faster than most of people several years younger (Nelson, 2004). Scientists have proved that the peak of ones physical strength as well as endurance is attained during the twenties. Thereafter, a decline ensues though at different rates depending on individuals. When one attains the late adulthood age, diverse physiological alterations may occur. Additionally, some level of brain atrophy may occur coupled with decreased neural process rates. Other numerous body changes such as decreased efficiency of the circulatory and respiratory rates and change of the gastrointestinal system occur during old age and they have profound impacts. Similarly, diminish of the bone mass particularly on women may lead to complications like osteoporosis. Other myths and stereotypes on aging include the believe that older people are senile, that the five senses are repressed during old age, that older people have no capacity and interest in sex, that most older people have a feeling of misery most often, that about 10% of aged live in long-stay institutions, that there is tendency towards being religious during old age, that old people are poor learners and during old age illnesses are bound to increase. The number of myths and stereotypes is somewhat inexhaustible. However, the fact is that these myths do not apply on all old people (Nelson, 2004). The concept of death dying Death and dying during different levels of human development have diverse views. Immense interest has always been associated with death and dying (Corr Nabe, 2005). Innumerable views have been given by different people on the concept of death and dying. However, the society has played a central role in shaping the perceptions of the people towards death and dying during different stages of human development. From time to time, there have been changing attitudes about death. Besides the usual attitude of fear concerning death, other attitudes have emerged in the recent times. During the process of human development, changes occur on the view of death and dying. For instance, during birth, one does not have an idea of what death is. However, this changes as one advance in age. Similarly, views concerning death are varied during different stages of human development. For instance, death of a child may be regarded very inappropriate due to the loss of an unexploited human being (Corr N abe, 2005). Similarly, if one dies during the Middle Ages, it may be regarded as an intense loss due to the resources used on the person who does not benefit the society. Finally, when a person dies during old age, it may not be regarded as intense as the society has derived some benefits from them. Different cultures have varied views about death and dying. According to philosophers, understanding the reality of death and the impacts on mans life; comprehension of the fears associated with death, enables people to live their lives fully. However, the American society does not believe in the reality of death; leading to confusion among people on issues of death. During the medieval days, people are said to have had a natural approach on death. This is contrary to the todays technology age where the western people have been separated from the reality of their biology. Consequently, there has been an obscurity of death realities. Different cultural perspectives about death and dying relate to care accorded to the dead, the life after and body disposal (Corr Nabe, 2005). There are rituals performed during these times depending on culture such as cremation as in Hindu, sky burial as in Tibet and mummification in other cultures. Conclusion Humans go through various stages during their lifetime. Various developments are attained before old age. Old age can be made more interesting though maintenance of proper focus on health and wellness. Myths and stereotypes about old age lead to prejudice on the old. Cultural variability has led to diversity on concepts of death and dying.

Naturalistic Observation of Social Interaction

Naturalistic observation is a form of data collection where the researcher assumes the role of an observer, which may be participative or non-participative (Gonnerman, 2007). Either way, this method aims to make studies on organisms’ (i.e. human) behaviors in their natural environment, unhindered by control parameters that studies in a laboratory, for example, impose. It is understandable that human beings, just like other organisms, act differently under the watchful eye of any observer, most especially due to self-consciousness. However, it is also understood that even as we are not under scrutiny (there is an absence of outside scrutiny), in the external environment, in a world beyond our own comfort zone, we still experience a â€Å"feeling of being watched†, or the so-called spotlight effect. Hence, naturalistic observation does not guarantee the absence of behavioral alteration, and the best that could probably be hoped for is a decrease in such that may lead to objective conclusions. In this project, the researcher—myself—chose to make behavioral observations on subjects who are unaware that they are being observed, in the hopes of avoiding possible alterations in their behavior pattern. The setting is the department store, where two girls are shopping for clothes. The behaviors observed during the first twenty minutes are that Girl One is phlegmatic and submissive, in her attempt to avoid conflict; while Girl Two is demanding. A hypothesis, therefore, was made that Girl Two would speak more often and in a louder voice than Girl One. The results of the second observation, however, show that Girl Two spoke more often but in hushed tones, and Girl Two was the one who spoke less but in a louder voice. It is therefore concluded that the hypothesis is wrong, and that human behavior could not be readily predicted, only justified. Naturalistic Observation of Social Interaction I observed a conversation between two girls shopping for clothes on [please insert time and date of â€Å"observation†]. We are at a department store [should the client wish to insert a particular department store, please do so], standing amid racks of clothing. One has dark hair cropped short near her chin; she was wearing a plain, light-blue, long-sleeved shirt, whom I shall refer to as Girl One. The other girl, Girl Two, has curly, shoulder-length, brown hair, and she was wearing a pink sleeveless shirt with a butterfly embroidered across the chest. There are only a few people about, including myself and the sales lady. Girl Two picks up a purple sleeveless dress with gray stripes and holds it against herself for her friend to see.   Girl One circles around the clothes racks, but does not pick any item out. Girl One slowly turns back around when Girl Two calls her. Girl One goes with Girl Two to the dressing room; Girl One waits outside, leaning on the wall with her feet stretched out in front of her as Girl Two takes her time inside the dressing room. When Girl Two emerges from the dressing room, Girl One looks at her from head to toe and nods her head. All of this takes place during the first ten minutes of the observation. During the second ten minutes, the conversation went like this: Girl One: â€Å"The dress looks okay, you should buy it.† Girl Two: â€Å"Are you sure? Or are you just telling me that so we can go now?† Girl One: â€Å"No I’m not. Come on, just buy it.† Girl Two: â€Å"You wouldn’t be pushing me into buying this if it was alright with you to go shopping. You shouldn’t have come.† Girl One: â€Å"Alright, maybe you’re right. I wanna go now but I don’t wanna spoil your fun so just get on with it and take all your time if need be.† Girl Two: â€Å"Alright then, just let me choose another dress to compare with this one and we’ll go.† Girl One: â€Å"Sure, whatever.† Based on the narrated observations, I have reached a possible hypothesis that one of the girls, Girl Two is probably a demanding sort of person, a domineering persona who can manipulate people like Girl One into doing what she wants. A parallel hypothesis is that Girl Two is a phlegmatic, and slightly submissive persona who simply does not want to be bothered or does not want any conflict, and so goes along with whatever Girl One asks of her. In line with this, I decided to gather observation that would enable me to determine which of the girls would eventually become more exasperated by the other and raise her voice more often, and this girl would be Girl Two, with the demanding character. The parameters I used are of course the number of times that the subject spoke, and the number of times the voice was raised within the 20 minutes of observation. I followed the girls two their next destination which was a coffee shop, bringing with me a few of my friends to cover me. We sat on the booth next to them, and I proceeded with my 20-minute observation. Based on my notes, Girl Two spoke more often, having used eight opportunities to talk in twenty minutes, whereas Girl One spoke less often, speaking only three times within the time span. However, Girl One raised her voice at all speaking opportunities, while Girl Two never raised her voice and spoke in a lowered voice. I therefore conclude that the hypothesis is wrong—Girl Two, even with her demanding personality, did not raise her voice, and did not seem exasperated by Girl One’s passive attitude. Instead, it was Girl One who got â€Å"fed up†. The exercise was extremely challenging because first and foremost, I had to pretend that I did not exist. Or at least, assume a role that did not directly participate in their world. In other words, it was as if I was stalking them or spying on them. I had to persuade my friends to come with me and serve as my â€Å"cover†. I was also nervous because if I did not do well with pretending I was also looking at the dresses, or recording some descriptions about the clothes in my notebook and not about them, I probably would be blacklisted in that department store. It was challenging also, to keep my mind off formulating biased opinions; I had to concentrate on being the â€Å"unattached† social scientist role. One insight I have learned is that even some personalities that seem to clash all the time somehow complement each other and form what they call a â€Å"love-hate† relationship that defies all odds and expectations. And another is that human behavior, although inferences may be made out of them, can never be truly predicted by an outside observer because there are other factors to consider than the setting, and whatever is in the natural environment of observation at that point in time. One has to consider what happened before the trip to the mall which upset Girl One so greatly, so much so that she belied expectations. Through this exercise, I have learned that nonverbal behavior is hard to observe and describe without biases, or forming opinions about them. However, when I do try to formulate opinions, I find that nonverbal behavior gives an insight into what the subject may be thinking as much the same way as verbal behavior would. Either way, human behavior can never be predicted; we can only understand the why’s and how’s surrounding a certain action and reaction. Reference Gonnerman (2007). Surveys and Naturalistic Observation. Retrieved February 9 2008 from http:// fp.uni.edu (2007)

Muhammad Ali - The Greatest Boxer

Muhammad Ali (January 17, 1942–June 3, 2016) was one of the most famous boxers of all time. His conversion to Islam and draft evasion conviction surrounded him with controversy and even exile from boxing for three years. Despite the hiatus, his quick reflexes and strong punches helped Muhammad Ali become the first person in history to win the heavyweight title three times. At the Opening Ceremony of the 1996 Olympics, Muhammad Ali showed the world his strength and determination in dealing with the debilitating effects of Parkinsons syndrome by lighting the Olympic cauldron. Early Life Muhammad Ali was born Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr. at 6:35 p.m. on January 17, 1942, in Louisville, Kentucky, to Cassius Clay Sr. and Odessa Grady Clay. Cassius Clay Sr. was a muralist, but he painted signs for a living. Odessa Clay worked as a housecleaner and a cook. Two years after Ali was born, the couple had another son, Rudolph (Rudy). Becoming a Boxer When Ali was 12 years old, he and a friend went to the Columbia Auditorium for the free hot dogs and popcorn available for visitors to the Louisville Home Show. When the boys were done eating, they went back to get their bicycles—only to discover that Alis had been stolen. Furious, Ali went to the basement of the Columbia Auditorium to report the crime to police officer Joe Martin, who was also a boxing coach at the Columbia Gym. When Ali said he wanted to beat up the person who stole his bike, Martin told him that he should probably learn to fight first. A few days later, Ali started boxing training at Martins gym. From the very beginning, Ali took his training seriously. He trained six days a week. On school days, he woke early in the morning so he could go running and then would go work out at the gym in the evening. When Martins gym closed at 8 p.m., Ali would then go train at another boxing gym. Over time, Ali also created his own eating regimen that included milk and raw eggs for breakfast. Concerned about what he put in his body, Ali stayed away from junk food, alcohol, and cigarettes so that he could be the best boxer in the world. The 1960 Olympics Even in his early training, Ali boxed like no one else. He was fast. So fast that he didnt duck punches like most other boxers; instead, he just leaned back away from them. He also didnt put his hands up to protect his face; he kept them down by his hips. In 1960, the Summer Olympics were held in Rome. Ali, then 18 years old, had already won national tournaments such as the Golden Gloves and so he felt ready to compete at the Olympics. On Sept. 5, 1960, Ali (then still known as Cassius Clay) fought against Polands Zbigniew Pietrzyskowski (1934–2014) in the light-heavyweight championship bout. In a unanimous decision, the judges declared Ali the winner. He was an Olympic gold medalist. Having won the gold medal, Ali had attained the top position in amateur boxing. It was time for him to turn professional. Winning the Heavyweight Title As Ali started fighting in professional bouts, he realized that there were things he could do to create attention for himself. For instance, before fights, Ali would say things to worry his opponents. He would also frequently declare, I am the greatest of all time! Often before a fight, Ali would write poetry that either called the round his opponent would fall or boast of his own abilities. Muhammad Alis most famous line was when he promised to Float like a butterfly, sting like a bee. His theatrics worked. Many people paid to see Alis fights just to see such a braggart lose. In 1964, even heavyweight champion Charles Sonny Liston (1932–1971) got caught up in the hype and agreed to fight Ali. On Feb. 25, 1964, Ali fought Liston for the heavyweight title in Miami. Liston tried for a quick knockout, but Ali was too fast to catch. By the seventh round, Liston was too exhausted, had hurt his shoulder, and was worried about a cut under his eye. Liston refused to continue the fight. Ali became boxings heavyweight champion of the world. The Nation of Islam and Name Change The day after the championship bout with Liston, Ali publicly announced his conversion to Islam. The public was not happy with his decision. Ali had joined the Nation of Islam, a group led by Elijah Muhammad that advocated for a separate black nation. Since many people found the Nation of Islams beliefs to be racist, they were angry and disappointed that Ali had joined them. Up to this point, Muhammad Ali was still known as Cassius Clay. When he joined the Nation of Islam in 1964, he shed his slave name (he had been named after a white abolitionist that had freed his slaves) and took on the new name of Muhammad Ali. Banned From Boxing for Draft Evasion During the three years after the Liston fight, Ali won every bout. He had become one of the most popular athletes of the 1960s and was a symbol of black pride. Then in 1967, Muhammad Ali received a draft notice: the United States was calling up young men to fight in the Vietnam War. Since Ali was a famous boxer, he could have requested special treatment and just entertained the troops. However, Alis deep religious beliefs forbade killing, even in war, and so Ali refused to go. In June 1967, Muhammad Ali was tried and found guilty of draft evasion. Although he was fined $10,000 and sentenced to five years in jail, he remained out on bail while he appealed. But despite being on appeal, in response to public outrage, the New York State Athletic Commission and the World Boxing Association stripped him of his title and banned him from boxing. For three and a half years, Ali was exiled from professional boxing. While watching others claim the heavyweight title, Ali lectured around the country to earn some money. Back in the Ring By 1970, the American general public had become dissatisfied with the  Vietnam War  and was thus easing its anger against Ali. This change in public opinion meant Ali was able to rejoin boxing. After participating in an exhibition match on Sept. 2, 1970, Ali fought in his first real comeback bout on October 26, 1970, against Jerry Quarry (1945–1999) in Atlanta, Georgia. During the fight, Muhammad Ali appeared slower than he used to be; yet before the start of the fourth round, Quarrys manager threw in the towel. Ali was back and he wanted to reclaim his heavyweight title. The Fight of the Century: Muhammad Ali vs.  Joe Frazier (1971) On March 8, 1971, Ali got his chance to win back the heavyweight title. Ali was to fight Joe Frazier (1944–2011) at Madison Square Garden. Billed as the Fight of the Century, it was viewed in 35 countries around the world and was the first fight Ali used his rope-a-dope technique. That involved Ali leaning on the ropes and protecting himself while he let his opponent hit him repeatedly. The intention was to quickly tire out his opponent. Although Ali did well in a few of the rounds, in many others he was pounded by Frazier. The fight went the full 15 rounds, with both fighters still standing at the end. The fight was unanimously awarded to Frazier. Ali had lost his first professional fight and had officially lost the heavyweight title. Shortly after the bout, Ali won a different kind of fight: His appeals against his draft evasion conviction had gone all the way up to the U.S. Supreme Court, which unanimously reversed the lower courts decision on June 28, 1971. Ali had been exonerated. The Rumble in the Jungle: Muhammad Ali vs. George Foreman On Oct. 30, 1974, Muhammad Ali had another chance at the championship title. In the time since Ali lost to Frazier in 1971, Frazier himself had lost his championship title to George Foreman (b. 1949). While Ali had won a rematch against Frazier in 1974, Ali was much slower and older than he used to be and was not expected to have a chance against Foreman. Many considered Foreman to be unbeatable. The bout was held in Kinshasa, Zaire, and was thus billed as the Rumble in the Jungle. Once again, Ali used his rope-a-dope strategy—this time with much more success. Ali was able to tire out Foreman so much that by the eighth round, Ali knocked Foreman out. For the second time, Ali had become the heavyweight champion of the world. Thrilla in Manila: Muhammad Ali vs. Joe Frazier Joe Frazier really did not like Muhammad Ali. As part of the antics before their fights, Ali had called Frazier an Uncle Tom and a gorilla, among other racial slurs. Alis comments greatly angered Frazier. Their third match against each other was held on October 1, 1975, and was called the Thrilla in Manila because it was held in Manila, Philippines. The fight was brutal. Both Ali and Frazier hit hard. Both were determined to win. By the time the bell for the 15th round was rung, Fraziers eyes were swollen nearly shut; his manager wouldnt let him continue. Ali won the fight, but he himself was badly hurt as well. Both Ali and Frazier fought so hard and so well that many consider this fight to be the greatest boxing fight in history. Winning the Championship Title a Third Time After the Frazier fight in 1975, Muhammad Ali announced his  retirement. This, however, did not last long, as it was just too easy to pick up a million dollars here or there by fighting one more bout. Ali did not take these fights very seriously and became lax on his training. On Feb. 15, 1978, Ali was extremely surprised when novice boxer Leon Spinks (b. 1953) beat him. The bout had gone all 15 rounds, but Spinks had dominated the match. The judges awarded the fight—and the championship title—to Spinks. Ali was furious and wanted a rematch. Spinks obliged. While Ali worked diligently to train for their rematch, Spinks did not. The second fight did go the full 15 rounds again, but Ali was the obvious winner. Not only did Ali win back the heavyweight champion title, he became the first person in history to win it three times. Retirement and Parkinsons Syndrome After the Spinks fight, Ali retired on June 26, 1979. He did fight Larry Holmes (b. 1949) in 1980 and Trevor Berbick (1954–2006) in 1981 but lost both fights. The fights were embarrassing; it was obvious that Ali should stop boxing. Ali had been the greatest heavyweight boxer in the world three times. In his professional career, he won 56 bouts and lost only five. Of the 56 wins, 37 of them were by knockout. Unfortunately, all of these fights took a toll on Muhammad Alis body. After suffering increasingly slurred speech, shaking hands, and over-tiredness, Ali was hospitalized in September 1984 to determine the cause. His doctors diagnosed Ali with Parkinsons syndrome, a degenerative condition that results in decreased control over speech and motor skills. After being out of the limelight for more than a decade, Ali was asked to light the Olympic cauldron during the Opening Ceremony of the  1996 Olympics  in Atlanta, Georgia. Ali moved slowly and his hands shook, yet his performance brought tears to many who watched. Since then, Ali worked tirelessly to help charities around the world. He also spent a lot of time signing autographs. On June 3, 2016, Muhammad Ali died at age 74 in Phoenix, Arizona, after suffering from respiratory problems. He remains a hero and icon of the 20th century. Sources Edmonds, Anthony O. Muhammad Ali: A Biography. ABC-CLIO, 2005. Gorn, Elliott J. Muhammad Ali, the Peoples Champ.Hauser, Thomas and Muhammad Ali. Muhammad Ali: His Life and Times. New York: Simon Schuster, 2006. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1995.